Norms and Values
نویسندگان
چکیده
The purpose of the present paper is to investigate to what extent norm predicates (expressed with words such as "ought", "permitted' and "wrong") can be defined in terms of value predicates (expressed with words such as "good", "bad", and "better"). Not even those words of naturallanguage that are paradigmatically logical (such as "not", "or", and "all") correspond exactly to symbols or expressions in logical language. Therefore, a logical analysis of concepts that occur in natural language will have to involve an idealization of the language. In everyday moral discourse there are a few moral predicates, such as "(morally) desirable" and "(morally) acceptable", that are difficult to categorize unequivocally as either norm predicates or value predicates. These predicates are not commonly referred to in moral philosophy. FoHowing philosophical practice, it will be assumed that all moral predicates of the idealized language are either norm predicates or value predicates. There are there major groups of norm predicates, namely
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